GATE CS Programming and Data Structures questions

What is printed by the following $\text{ANSI C}$ program? #include<stdio.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char a = ‘P’; char b = ‘x’; char c = (a&b) + ‘*’; char d = (a|b) – ‘-’; char e = (a^b) + ‘+’; printf(“%c %c %c\n”, c, d, e); return 0; } $\text{ASCII}$ encoding for relevant characters is given below …

What is printed by the following $\text{ANSI C}$ program? #include<stdio.h> int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { int a[3][3][3] = {{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18}, {19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}}; int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0; for ( i = 0; i < 3; i ++) { for ( k = 0; k < 3; k++) printf(“%d”, a[i][j][k]); printf …

Consider the queues $Q_{1}$ containing four elements and $Q_{2}$ containing none (shown as the $\textsf{Initial State}$ in the figure). The only operations allowed on these two queues are $\textsf{Enqueue (Q, element)}$ and $\textsf{Dequeue (Q)}.$ The minimum number of $\textsf{Enqueue}$ operations on $Q_{1}$ required to place the elements of …

​​​​​Let $P$ be an array containing $n$ integers. Let $t$ be the lowest upper bound on the number of comparisons of the array elements, required to find the minimum and maximum values in an arbitrary array of $n$ elements. Which one of the following choices is correct?

A binary search tree $T$ contains $n$ distinct elements. What is the time complexity of picking an element in $T$ that is smaller than the maximum element in $T$?

Consider the following sequence of operations on an empty stack.$$\textsf{push}(54);\textsf{push}(52);\textsf{pop}();\textsf{push}(55);\textsf{push}(62);\textsf{s}=\textsf{pop}();$$Consider the following sequence of operations on an empty queue. …

​​​​​Consider the following$\text{ ANSI C}$ program. #include <stdio.h> int main() { int i, j, count; count=0; i=0; for (j=-3; j<=3; j++) { if (( j >= 0) && (i++)) count = count + j; } count = count +i; printf("%d", count); return 0; } Which one of the following options is correct?

An $articulation$ $point$ in a connected graph is a vertex such that removing the vertex and its incident edges disconnects the graph into two or more connected components. Let $T$ be a $\text{DFS}$ tree obtained by doing $\text{DFS}$ in a connected undirected graph $G$. Which of the following options is/are correct?

​​​​​Let $H$ be a binary min-heap consisting of $n$ elements implemented as an array. What is the worst case time complexity of an optimal algorithm to find the maximum element in $H$?

Consider the following $\text{ANSI C}$ program. #include <stdio.h> int main() { int arr[4][5]; int i, j; for (i=0; i<4; i++) ​​​​​​{ for (j=0; j<5; j++) { arr[i][j] = 10 * i + j; } } printf(“%d”, *(arr[1]+9)); return 0; } What is the output of the above program?

Consider a complete binary tree with $7$ nodes. Let $A$ denote the set of first $3$ elements obtained by performing Breadth-First Search $\text{(BFS)}$ starting from the root. Let $B$ denote the set of first $3$ elements obtained by performing Depth-First Search $\text{(DFS)}$ starting from the root. The value of $\mid A-B \mid$ is …

Consider the following $\text{ANSI C}$ program: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct Node{ int value; struct Node *next;}; int main( ) { struct Node *boxE, *head, *boxN; int index=0; boxE=head= (struct Node *) malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); head → value = index; for (index =1; index<=3; index++){ boxN = (struct Node *) malloc …

The preorder traversal of a binary search tree is $15, 10, 12, 11, 20, 18, 16, 19$. Which one of the following is the postorder traversal of the tree?

What is the worst case time complexity of inserting $n^{2}$ elements into an AVL-tree with $n$ elements initially?

What is the worst case time complexity of inserting $n$ elements into an empty linked list, if the linked list needs to be maintained in sorted order?

Consider the following C program. #include <stdio.h> int main () { int a[4] [5] = {{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, {6, 7,8, 9, 10}, {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, {16, 17,18, 19, 20}}; printf(“%d\n”, *(*(a+**a+2)+3)); return(0); } The output of the program is _______.

In a balanced binary search tree with $n$ elements, what is the worst case time complexity of reporting all elements in range $[a,b]$? Assume that the number of reported elements is $k$.

Consider the following C functions. int fun1(int n) { static int i= 0; if (n > 0) { ++i; fun1(n-1); } return (i); } int fun2(int n) { static int i= 0; if (n>0) { i = i+ fun1 (n) ; fun2(n-1) ; } return (i); } The return value of $\text{fun}2 (5)$ is _________

Consider the array representation of a binary min-heap containing $1023$ elements. The minimum number of comparisons required to find the maximum in the heap is ___________.

Consider the following C program : #include<stdio.h> int jumble(int x, int y){ x = 2*x+y; return x; } int main(){ int x=2, y=5; y=jumble(y,x); x=jumble(y,x); printf("%d \n",x); return 0; } The value printed by the program is ______________.