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GATE CS 2007 Q84 — Combinatorics: Counting, Recurrence Relations, Generating Functions

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Suppose that a robot is placed on the Cartesian plane. At each step it is allowed to move either one unit up or one unit right, i.e., if it is at (i,j)(i,j) then it can move to either (i+1,j)(i + 1, j) or (i,j+1)(i,j + 1).

How many distinct paths are there for the robot to reach the point (10,10)(10,10) starting from the initial position (0,0)(0,0)?

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Answer: A

To reach the destination (10,10)(10, 10) starting from (0,0)(0, 0), the robot must make exactly:

  • 1010 steps to the Right (RR), since the xx-coordinate increases from 00 to 1010.
  • 1010 steps Up (UU), since the yy-coordinate increases from 00 to 1010.

Thus, any valid path consists of a sequence of exactly 10+10=2010 + 10 = 20 steps, containing exactly 1010 'RR' moves and 1010 'UU' moves.

The number of distinct paths is the number of ways to arrange these 2020 moves. This is equivalent to choosing the 1010 positions for the 'RR' moves out of the 2020 total available positions:

Number of paths=(2010)=20C10\text{Number of paths} = \binom{20}{10} = {}^{20}\mathrm{C}_{10}

Therefore, the correct option is A.

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