Heap allocation is required for languages.
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Answer: B
Memory allocation in programming languages is managed using different memory areas depending on the lifetime of the data:
- Stack Allocation: Used for local variables and function activation records. Since function calls follow a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) order, stack allocation is sufficient to support recursion (Option A).
- Heap Allocation: Used when the lifetime of a data object is independent of the scope or activation record that created it. This is essential for dynamic data structures (like linked lists, trees, or graphs) where memory is allocated and deallocated dynamically at runtime (Option B).
- Dynamic Scope Rules: These determine how free variables are resolved at runtime. They can be implemented using a stack (e.g., association lists or central environments) and do not inherently require a heap (Option C).
Thus, heap allocation is specifically required for languages that support dynamic data structures.
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