GATE CS 2007 Q19 — Data Link Layer: Framing, Error Detection, MAC, Ethernet Bridging

In Manchester encoding, each bit period is divided into two equal intervals. A transition (either low-to-high or high-to-low) always occurs at the middle of each bit period to ensure synchronization.

• Bit Rate ($R$): The number of data bits transmitted per second.
• Baud Rate ($D$): The number of signal state changes (symbols) per second.

Because every single bit requires exactly two signal levels (one transition in the middle, and potentially another at the boundary), we have:

Rearranging this relationship gives:

Thus, the bit rate is half the baud rate.